Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method

Xiaojun Yin; Jun Xie

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

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Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method

Xiaojun Yin, Jun Xie

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 5 March 2022 Accepted: 11 April 2022 Published: 20 April 2022

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Abstract

A new tunnel stability analysis method is proposed which is the external force increment method (EFIM) to transform the traditional tunnel stability ratio (N). The EFIM can be defined as the field stability raito (N_f), which consists of two newly defined parameters, namely the natural stability ratio (N_n) and the critical stability ratio (N_c). The relationship between the field stability ratio (N_f) and the change of external force is given. The tunnel stability plane and tunnel stability analysis plot are constructed. Based on this, the relationship between the field stability ratio (N_f) and the critical stability ratio (N_c) when the initial tunnel is stable or unstable is determined. According to the field stability rate (N_f), the critical stable state can be achieved with the tunnel by increasing two ways: one is to increase the external load to act on the external force on the tunnel, and the other is to reduce the internal support force of the tunnel. The relations for reaching the critical stability ratio (N_c) of the two EFIM are given respectively. The upper bound solutions of single tunnel, twin tunnels with the same diameter and twin tunnels with different diameters are analyzed by this method. The results show that the EFIM is reasonable and feasible for stability analysis of tunnel.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
Page(s)	43-48
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

External Force Increment Method, Tunnel Stability Analysis, Factor of Safety, Critical Stability Ratio, Field Stability Ratio, Upper Bound Solution

References

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[2]	Kimura, T., R. Mair. 1981. “Centrifugal testing of model tunnels in soft clay.” In Proc., 10th Int. Conf [C]. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 319–322. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: A. A. Balkema.
[3]	Davis, E. H., M. J. Gunn, R. J. Mair, and H. N. Seneviratine. 1980. “The stability of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material.” Géotechnique 30 (4): 397- 416. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1980.30.4.397.
[4]	Wilson, D. W., A. J. Abbo, S. W. Sloan, and A. V. Lyamin. 2013. “Undrained stability of a square tunnel where the shear strength increases linearly with depth.” Comput. Geotech. 49: 314–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2012.09.005.
[5]	Abbo, A. J., D. W. Wilson, S. W. Sloan, and A. V. Lyamin. 2013. “Undrained stability of wide rectangular tunnels.” Comput. Geotech. 53: 46 –59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2013.04.005.
[6]	Ukritchon, B., S. Keawsawasvong. 2017. “Design equations for undrained stability of opening in underground walls.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 70: 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.004.
[7]	Ukritchon, B., S. Keawsawasvong, and K. Yingchaloenkitkhajorn. 2017a. “Undrained face stability of tunnels in Bangkok subsoils.” Int. J. Geotech. Eng. 11 (3): 262–277. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2016.1214773.
[8]	Shiau, J., and F. Al-Asadi. 2018. “Revisiting Broms and Bennermarks’ original stability number for tunnel headings.” Geotech. Lett. 8 (4): 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.18.00145.
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[10]	Shiau, J., and M. M. Hassan. 2019. “Undrained stability of active and passive trapdoors.” Geotech. Res. 7 (1): 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1680 /jgere.19.00033.
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[12]	Shiau, J., and F. Al-Asadi. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Circular Tunnel Headings Using Broms and Bennermark’s Original Stability Number [J]. Int. J. Geomech., 2020, 20 (7): 06020015.
[13]	Zienkiewicz O. C., Humpheson C. and Lewis R. W. Associated and nonassociated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics [J]. Geotechnique, 1975, 25 (4): 671 - 689.
[14]	Dawson, E. M., Roth, W. H. and Drescher, A.. Slope Stability Analysis by Strength Reduction [J]. Geotechnique, 1999, 49 (6): 835-840.
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Xiaojun Yin, Jun Xie. (2022). Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 10(2), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Xiaojun Yin; Jun Xie. Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

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AMA Style

Xiaojun Yin, Jun Xie. Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. Am J Civ Eng. 2022;10(2):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12,
  author = {Xiaojun Yin and Jun Xie},
  title = {Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20221002.12},
  abstract = {A new tunnel stability analysis method is proposed which is the external force increment method (EFIM) to transform the traditional tunnel stability ratio (N). The EFIM can be defined as the field stability raito (Nf), which consists of two newly defined parameters, namely the natural stability ratio (Nn) and the critical stability ratio (Nc). The relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the change of external force is given. The tunnel stability plane and tunnel stability analysis plot are constructed. Based on this, the relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the critical stability ratio (Nc) when the initial tunnel is stable or unstable is determined. According to the field stability rate (Nf), the critical stable state can be achieved with the tunnel by increasing two ways: one is to increase the external load to act on the external force on the tunnel, and the other is to reduce the internal support force of the tunnel. The relations for reaching the critical stability ratio (Nc) of the two EFIM are given respectively. The upper bound solutions of single tunnel, twin tunnels with the same diameter and twin tunnels with different diameters are analyzed by this method. The results show that the EFIM is reasonable and feasible for stability analysis of tunnel.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method
AU  - Xiaojun Yin
AU  - Jun Xie
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 43
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
AB  - A new tunnel stability analysis method is proposed which is the external force increment method (EFIM) to transform the traditional tunnel stability ratio (N). The EFIM can be defined as the field stability raito (Nf), which consists of two newly defined parameters, namely the natural stability ratio (Nn) and the critical stability ratio (Nc). The relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the change of external force is given. The tunnel stability plane and tunnel stability analysis plot are constructed. Based on this, the relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the critical stability ratio (Nc) when the initial tunnel is stable or unstable is determined. According to the field stability rate (Nf), the critical stable state can be achieved with the tunnel by increasing two ways: one is to increase the external load to act on the external force on the tunnel, and the other is to reduce the internal support force of the tunnel. The relations for reaching the critical stability ratio (Nc) of the two EFIM are given respectively. The upper bound solutions of single tunnel, twin tunnels with the same diameter and twin tunnels with different diameters are analyzed by this method. The results show that the EFIM is reasonable and feasible for stability analysis of tunnel.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Xiaojun Yin

College of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
Jun Xie

Independent Geotechnical Engineering Consultant, Toronto, Canada

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APA Style

Xiaojun Yin, Jun Xie. (2022). Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 10(2), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Xiaojun Yin; Jun Xie. Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2022, 10(2), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Xiaojun Yin, Jun Xie. Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method. Am J Civ Eng. 2022;10(2):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12,
  author = {Xiaojun Yin and Jun Xie},
  title = {Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43-48},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20221002.12},
  abstract = {A new tunnel stability analysis method is proposed which is the external force increment method (EFIM) to transform the traditional tunnel stability ratio (N). The EFIM can be defined as the field stability raito (Nf), which consists of two newly defined parameters, namely the natural stability ratio (Nn) and the critical stability ratio (Nc). The relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the change of external force is given. The tunnel stability plane and tunnel stability analysis plot are constructed. Based on this, the relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the critical stability ratio (Nc) when the initial tunnel is stable or unstable is determined. According to the field stability rate (Nf), the critical stable state can be achieved with the tunnel by increasing two ways: one is to increase the external load to act on the external force on the tunnel, and the other is to reduce the internal support force of the tunnel. The relations for reaching the critical stability ratio (Nc) of the two EFIM are given respectively. The upper bound solutions of single tunnel, twin tunnels with the same diameter and twin tunnels with different diameters are analyzed by this method. The results show that the EFIM is reasonable and feasible for stability analysis of tunnel.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stability Analysis of Tunnel by External Force Increment Method
AU  - Xiaojun Yin
AU  - Jun Xie
Y1  - 2022/04/20
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 43
EP  - 48
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221002.12
AB  - A new tunnel stability analysis method is proposed which is the external force increment method (EFIM) to transform the traditional tunnel stability ratio (N). The EFIM can be defined as the field stability raito (Nf), which consists of two newly defined parameters, namely the natural stability ratio (Nn) and the critical stability ratio (Nc). The relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the change of external force is given. The tunnel stability plane and tunnel stability analysis plot are constructed. Based on this, the relationship between the field stability ratio (Nf) and the critical stability ratio (Nc) when the initial tunnel is stable or unstable is determined. According to the field stability rate (Nf), the critical stable state can be achieved with the tunnel by increasing two ways: one is to increase the external load to act on the external force on the tunnel, and the other is to reduce the internal support force of the tunnel. The relations for reaching the critical stability ratio (Nc) of the two EFIM are given respectively. The upper bound solutions of single tunnel, twin tunnels with the same diameter and twin tunnels with different diameters are analyzed by this method. The results show that the EFIM is reasonable and feasible for stability analysis of tunnel.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download