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Economic and Functional Feasibility of Concrete and Steel Composite Column Building Structure
Umair Ahmed,
Assad Rashid,
Zafar Baig
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
138-154
Received:
19 August 2021
Accepted:
3 September 2021
Published:
16 September 2021
Abstract: Modern day construction is widely influenced using Steel-Concrete composite columns. The rapid growth in Steel-Concrete composite construction has significantly reduced the use of conventional Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C) as well as other steel construction practices. Steel-Concrete composite construction gained an extensive receiving around the globe. Considering the fact that R.C.C construction is most suitable and economic for low-rise construction so it is used in framing system in most structures. However; increased dead load, span restriction, less stiffness and risky formwork makes R.C.C construction uneconomical and not suitable when it comes to intermediate to high-rise buildings. One Basement and 11 storeys existing building has been analyzed and comparison has been made between R.CC structure and concrete steel composite columns. Equivalent Static non -linear analysis was performed in X and Y direction by using Etabs 2017 software which results that encased composite columns construction cost is more than R.C.C columns but on the other hand encased composite columns has more floor area, the storey shear is more, story drift is less, storey displacement is less, in conventional R.C.C structures, storey shear is less in R.C.C conventional structure. Therefore; this research aims to analyze and to learn This research is an effort to learn cost effectiveness, increased or decreased stiffness and change on functionality of composite construction for intermediate to high-rise buildings in Pakistan. A Base + Ground +11 storey commercial building was selected for this study. Comparison is done between conventional R.C.C structure and Encased Composite column structure. Equivalent Static non-linear analysis was performed using ETABS 2017 software. Although for Base + Ground + 11 storey building the construction cost is 7.7% more than R.C.C structure but encased composite column building has 13.013% more floor area. This increased floor area will help to settle the cost difference between two structures.
Abstract: Modern day construction is widely influenced using Steel-Concrete composite columns. The rapid growth in Steel-Concrete composite construction has significantly reduced the use of conventional Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C) as well as other steel construction practices. Steel-Concrete composite construction gained an extensive receiving around ...
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Runoff and Sediment Yield Modeling of Meki River Watershed Using SWAT Model in Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
155-166
Received:
21 September 2021
Accepted:
12 October 2021
Published:
28 October 2021
Abstract: Loss of soil fertility in agricultural lands and sedimentation in lakes of central rift valley of Ethiopia are major watershed problem threatening the agro economy in the area. To develop effective erosion control plans through implementing appropriate soil conservation practices, runoff and sediment yield in Meki watershed was estimated and analyzed using the SWAT model. The model showed the simulated mean annual surface runoff was 114.03mm and the mean annual streamflow was 9.41m3/s. Similarly, mean annual sediment load of 13.12 t/ha enters to Lake Ziway. The model was calibrated and validated on daily and monthly time step for flow and on monthly time step for sediment yield. The results of Nash Sutcliff Efficiency of 0.71 on daily and 0.89 on monthly time steps for streamflow and its value of 0.80 on monthly time step for sediment yield during calibration showed that there is a good match between measured and simulated data for both variables on daily basis and very good match on monthly basis. The potential erosion source areas were identified. Likewise, 51.34% of the watershed area was found to be potential erosion sources and priorized for erosion control plans.
Abstract: Loss of soil fertility in agricultural lands and sedimentation in lakes of central rift valley of Ethiopia are major watershed problem threatening the agro economy in the area. To develop effective erosion control plans through implementing appropriate soil conservation practices, runoff and sediment yield in Meki watershed was estimated and analyz...
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Application of SBAS Technique Combined with BP Neural Network in the Settlement of the Yinxi Industrial Park in Baiyin
Hui Zhang,
Xinghai Dang,
Liqi Jia,
Jianyun Zhao,
Ming Lu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
167-172
Received:
29 September 2021
Accepted:
20 October 2021
Published:
29 October 2021
Abstract: In recent years, due to the obvious ground settlement and other phenomena of the Yinxi Industrial Park in Baiyin, it has brought many hidden dangers to the local development, it is of great practical significance to monitor the deformation of the area for a long time series. The ground deformation field of Yinxi Industrial Park from June 2018 to April 2021 was obtained by processing Sentinel-1A data using SBAS technology, and the high coherence point D1 was predicted and analyzed by BP neural network. The results show that subsidence occurs in several places in the Yinxi Industrial Park, and the average annual subsidence rate ranges from -19.28 mm to 5.08 mm, the areas of severe settlement have a clear geographical distribution, mainly concentrated in road and building areas, other areas have a more stable ground base; the mean square error in the BP neural network prediction result is 2.56 mm, and the average relative error is 6.06%, which is a high prediction accuracy. The predicted cumulative settlement value at point D1 in 2023 is 45 mm, and there is a tendency for the settlement to intensify. The prediction results are of great significance for the early identification and prevention of ground settlement in the study area.
Abstract: In recent years, due to the obvious ground settlement and other phenomena of the Yinxi Industrial Park in Baiyin, it has brought many hidden dangers to the local development, it is of great practical significance to monitor the deformation of the area for a long time series. The ground deformation field of Yinxi Industrial Park from June 2018 to Ap...
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Effect of the Opening Area of Compartment on the Backdraft Time
Jianlong Zhao,
Yanfeng Li,
Jinxiang Wu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
173-176
Received:
6 September 2021
Accepted:
25 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: When a fire occurs in a ventilation confined compartment, the fire gradually weakened and finally self-extinguishes due to the oxygen concentration in the compartment will decrease and eventually below the flammable limit. Meanwhile, a large amount of high-temperature combustible substance is generated in the compartment during this period by pyrolysis or evaporation of fuel. When the compartment ventilation is improved, such as the window is broken, fresh air flows into the compartment and mix with high-temperature combustible substances and lead to the fire occurs again. This special phenomenon during the development of a compartment fire is called backdraft. In addition, a large amount of high-temperature combustible substances is accumulated in the compartment before the backdraft occurs. Therefore, once a backdraft occurs, it always leads to a flashover, which means a fire has reached fully development stage and is out of control. Hence, a backdraft will lead to substantial finical loss and heavy casualties. To investigate the influence of compartment opening area on backdraft time, we conducted fire experiments of solid fuel in a reduced-scale compartment. The temperature and the gas concentration in the compartment were measured by thermocouples and gas analyzer, respectively. Results show that the backdraft time of solid fuel would become shorter as the opening area of the compartment increases. The results of this research could improve the understanding of the backdraft mechanism of solid fuel and provide a strategy to delay or even restrain the backdraft occurrence for firefighters.
Abstract: When a fire occurs in a ventilation confined compartment, the fire gradually weakened and finally self-extinguishes due to the oxygen concentration in the compartment will decrease and eventually below the flammable limit. Meanwhile, a large amount of high-temperature combustible substance is generated in the compartment during this period by pyrol...
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